Distribution of Estate to Legal Heirs

After funeral expenses, debts, and any valid Waṣiyyah (bequest) have been executed, the remaining estate is distributed among the legal heirs according to the fixed shares prescribed by Islamic law (Farā’iḍ).

Principles Governing Distribution

Distribution is divinely ordained. The shares of legal heirs are fixed by the Qur’an and Sunnah and are not subject to personal preference or alteration.
Heirs inherit only after prior obligations are fulfilled. No heir may receive any portion of the estate until funeral expenses, debts, and Waṣiyyah have been fully settled.
Legal heirs are classified. Heirs fall into categories such as:
- Qur’anic heirs (Ashāb al-Furūḍ) with fixed shares
- Residuary heirs (ʿAṣabah) who receive the remainder
Male and female shares are determined by responsibility. In certain cases, a male heir receives a share equivalent to that of two females, reflecting financial obligations placed upon him under Islamic law.
No exclusion without legal cause. No rightful heir may be deprived of inheritance except through a valid disqualification recognized by Islamic law.
Distribution must be accurate and just. The estate should be calculated carefully, ensuring that every eligible heir receives his or her correct share without excess or deficiency.

Common Legal Heirs

Spouse (husband or wife)
Sons and daughters
Parents (father and mother)
Grandparents (in certain circumstances)
Siblings (when parents and children are absent)

General rules of Exclusion.. These must be carefully communicated.